Credits, notes, & sources

Creating a book of infographics relies on a huge variety of astronomical databases, papers, books, websites, and astronomers. We've tried to list all our sources below.

• Launch vehicles / pages 8-9
  
  • Design a Space Telescope, Cardiff University
• One small step for... / pages 10-11
  
  • Beischer, DE; Fregly, AR (1962) US Naval School of Aviation Medicine
  • Encyclopedia Astronautica
  • Dr.Kenichi IJIRI
  • Witt, P.N. et al. (1977) J. Arachnol. *4*, 115
  • National Space Science Data Center, NASA
  • Spangenberg et al. (1994) Adv Space Res. 14, 317
  • Szewczyk, N.J. et al (2005) Astrobiology 5, 690
  • ESA
• Human spaceflight / pages 12-13
  
  • NASA Information Summaries Astronaut Fact Book
  • www.spacefacts.de
  • NASA History Office
• Travels in time and space / pages 14-15
  
  • NASA Information Summaries Astronaut Fact Book
  • www.spacefacts.de
  • NASA History Office
• Space survival / pages 16-17
  
  • Bioastronautics Data Book: Second Edition. NASA SP-3006
  • From Quarks to Quasars
• Launch sites / pages 18-19
  
  • Jonathan's Space Report planet4589.org
• Orbits / pages 20-21
  
  • Jonathan's Space Report planet4589.org
• Space junk / pages 22-23
  
  • Catalogue of Space Debris, U.S. Space Surveillance Network (October 2014) orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov
• Space stations / pages 24-25
  
  • NASA Reference Guide to the International Space Station
  • China Manned Space Engineering
• Journey to the Moon / pages 26-27
  
  • Apollo 11 Press Kit (69-83K).
• On the Moon / pages 28-29
  
  • Catalogue of Manmade Material on the Moon, NASA History Program Office, 7-05-12.
  • Apollo 11 Traverses map prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and published by the Defense Mapping Agency for NASA.
  • NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
• Missions to the Moon / pages 30-31
  
  • Wikipedia
  • moon.luxspace.lu
• Interplanetary missions / pages 32-33
  
  • The Expensive Hardware Lob, David Gore.
• Distant voyagers / pages 34-35
  
  • JPL Horizons, Giorgini, J.D. et al, 'JPL's On-Line Solar System Data Service', Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 28(3), 1158 (1996)
• Planetary rovers / pages 36-37
  
  • NASA HQ
  • zarya.info
  • Unmanned Spaceflight.com
  • NASA Mars Exploration Rovers
  • curiositylog.com
• How many planets? / pages 40-41
  
  • David A. Weintraub (2007) 'Is Pluto A Planet?', Princeton Press, ISBN 9781400852970
• The family of planets / pages 44-45
  
  • Solar System Exploration, NASA
• Moons / pages 46-47
  
  • JPL Solar System Dynamics
  • Solar System Exploration, NASA
  • Moons of Jupiter, Wikipedia
  • Moons of Saturn, Wikipedia
  • Moons of Uranus, Wikipedia
  • Moons of Neptune, Wikipedia
  • David A. Weintraub (2007) 'Is Pluto A Planet?', Princeton Press, ISBN 9781400852970
• Eclipses / pages 48-49
  
  • Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)
  • Felix Verbelen
• Solar System top ten / pages 50-51
  
  • IAU Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. 'Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature.'
  • Andrews-Hanna, J. et al. (2008) Nature 453, 1212
  • McGill. G. (1989), J. Geophys. Res. 94, 2753
  • Oshigami, S. & Namiki, N. (2007) Icarus 190, 1
  • NASA Dawn
• Structures of planets and moons / pages 52-53
  
  • Mercury: D. Smith et al. (2012) Science, 336, 214
  • Mercury: B. Anderson et al. (2012) J. Geophys. Res., 117, E12
  • Venus: A. Aitta (2012) Icarus, 218, 967
  • Earth: A. Dziewonski & D. Anderson (1981) Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 25, 297
  • Moon: R. Weber et al. (2011) Science, 331, 309
  • Mars: A. Rivoldini et al. (2011) Icarus, 213, 451
  • Jupiter: T. Guillot et al. (1997) Icarus, 130, 534
  • Neptune: W. Hubbard et al. (1991) Science, 253, 648
  • Europa/Callisto: O. Kuskov & V. Konrod (2005) Icarus, 177, 550
  • Ganymede: S. Vance et al. (2014) Planetary and Space Science, 96, 62
  • Titan: G. Tobie et al. (2005) Icarus, 175, 496
• Planetary atmospheres / pages 54-55
  
  • Earth: COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere
  • Mars: T. Cavalié et al. (2008) A&A 489, 795
  • Various: Agustin Sanchez-Lavega (2012) 'An Introduction to Planetary Atmospheres', CRC Press, ISBN 9781420067323
  • Titan: Lellouch et al. (1988) Icarus 79, 328
  • Saturn: L. N. Fletcher et al. (2009) Icarus 202, 543
  • Uranus: Orton, G. et al. (2014) Icarus 243, 494
  • Neptune: L.N. Fletcher et al. (2010) A&A 514, A17
  • Pluto: NASA website
• Lords of the rings / pages 56-57
  
  • Solar System Exploration, NASA
• Asteroids / pages 58-59
  
  • 1999 European Asteroidal Occultation Results
  • Baer & Chesley (2008) Cel. Mech. and Dyn. Astro 100, 27
  • Belton et al. (1996) Icarus 120, 1
  • Braga-Ribas et al. (2014) Nature 508, 72
  • Carry (2012) Planetary and Space Science 73, 98
  • Conrad et al. (2007) Icarus 191, 616
  • Descamps et al. (2008) Icarus 196, 578
  • IRAS
  • JPL Horizons
  • Giorgini, J.D. et al (1996) Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 28, 1158
  • Kaasalainen et al. (2002) Icarus 159, 369
  • Marchis et al. (2005) Nature, 436, 822
  • Merline et al. (2013) Icarus 225, 794
  • Millis et al. (1984) AJ 89, 592
  • Müller & Blommaert (2004) A&A 418, 347
  • RASNZ Occultation Section
  • Russell et al. (2012) Science 336, 684
  • Schmidt et al. (2008) LPI 39, 2502
  • Shepard et al. (2008) Icarus 195, 184
  • Sierks et al. (2011) Science 34, 487
  • Storrs et al. (1999) Icarus 137, 260
  • Storrs et al. (2005) Icarus 173, 409
  • Tedesco et al. (2002) AJ 123, 1056
  • Thomas et al. (1994) Icarus 107, 23
  • Thomas et al. (1996) Icarus 120, 20
  • Thomas et al. (2005) Nature 437, 224
  • Torppa et al. (2003) Icarus 164, 346
• Locations of asteroids / pages 60-61
  
  • IAU Minor Planet Center minorplanetcenter.net
• Names of asteroids / pages 62-63
  
  • JPL Small-Body Database Browser
• Collision imminent / pages 64-65
  
  • IAU Minor Planet Center minorplanetcenter.net
  • EARN NEA Database, maintained at the Institute of Planetary Research of the DLR, Berlin, Germany by G. J. Hahn
• Classifications of meteroites / pages 66-67
  
  • Catalogue of Meteorites, Natural History Museum, London.
• A Comet / pages 68-69
  
  • NASA Epoxi
  • JPL-Caltech
  • UMD
  • NASA Stardust
  • Planetary Society
  • ESA Giotto
  • SETI Institute
  • NASA Comet Quest
• Comets / pages 70-71
  
  • IAU Minor Planet Center minorplanetcenter.net
• Comet hunters / pages 72-73
  
  • David Levy's Guide to the Night Sky, David H. Levy
  • 'The Comets of Caroline Herschel (1750-1848), Sleuth of the Skies at Slough', Olson & Pasachoff, Culture and Cosmos, Vol. 16, nos. 1 and 2, 2012
  • Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
• Kuiper belt / pages 74-75
  
  • Minor Planet Physical Properties Catalogue
  • IAU Minor Planet Center minorplanetcenter.net
• Timeline of the Solar System / pages 78-79
  
  • Kominami & Ida (2002) ApJ 581, 666
  • Levison et al. (2008) AJ 136, 1079
  • Portegies Zwart et al. (2009) New Astronomy 14, 369
  • Solar System Exploration, NASA
  • Cox & Loeb (2008) MNRAS 386, 461
  • Sackmann, Boothroyd & Kraemer (1993) ApJ 418, 457
• Travel times / pages 80-81
  
  • Using ST:TOS formula of speed/c = warp³
• Optical telescopes: size matters / pages 84-85
  
  • Observatory web sites
• Atmospheric windows / pages 86-87
  
  • Reimer et al. (2004) A&A 424, 773
  • Lord, S. D. (1992) NASA Technical Memorandum 103957
  • Gemini Observatory
  • UKIRT/JAC
  • SMA/Harvard-CfA
• The sky's the limit / pages 88-89
  
  • Observatory web sites
• The sky's not the limit / pages 90-91
  
  • Observatory web sites
• Radio telescopes: bigger and bigger / pages 92-93
  
  • Observatory web sites
• Telescope chronology / pages 94-95
  
  • Observatory web sites
• Resolution / pages 98-99
  
  • Observatory web sites
• Spectrum of the Sun / pages 104-105
  
  • BASS2000, Paris Observatory, Delbouille, Neven and Roland, 1972
• Sunspots / pages 106-107
  
  • SILSO data, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels
• Butterfly diagram / pages 108-109
  
  • ROG/USAF/NOAA Sunspot Data
• Solar flares / pages 110-111
  
  • The 'X-ray Flare' dataset was prepared by and made available through the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
• Dance of the Sun / pages 112-113
  
  • JPL Horizons, Giorgini, J.D. et al, 'JPL's On-Line Solar System Data Service', Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 28(3), 1158 (1996)
• Constellations: northern / pages 116-117
  
  • VirtualSky, LCOGT lcogt.net/virtualsky
• Constellations: southern / pages 118-119
  
  • VirtualSky, LCOGT lcogt.net/virtualsky
• 3D Orion / pages 120-121
  
  • VirtualSky, LCOGT lcogt.net/virtualsky
  • Perryman et al, The Hipparcos Catalogue, A&A, 323, L49-52 (1997)
  • van Leeuwen, A&A, 474, 2, pp.653-664 (2007)
  • Harper, Brown & Guinan, AJ, 135, 4, pp 1430-1440 (2008)
• Nearest stars / pages 122-123
  
  • Harrington & Dahn (1980) AJ 85 454
  • Matthews(1995) QJRAS 35, 1
  • Nidever et al.(2002) ApJS 141, 503
  • Salim & Gould(2003) ApJ 582, 1011
  • Lépine & Shara (2005) AJ 129, 1483
  • Gontcharov(2006) Astronomy Letters 32, 759
  • van Leeuwen (2007) A&A 474, 653
  • Gatewood (2008) AJ 136, 452
  • Jenkins et al. (2009) ApJ 704, 975
  • Koen et al. (2010) MNRAS 403, 1949
  • Lurie et al. (2014) AJ 148, 12
• Proper motions / pages 124-125
  
  • VirtualSky, LCOGT lcogt.net/virtualsky
  • van Leeuwen (2007) A&A 474, 653
  • Zacharias et al. (2012) VizieR On-line Data Catalog: I/322A (2012)
  • Roeser & Bastian (1988) A&A Supp 74, 449
  • Perryman et al. (1997) A&A 323, L49; The Hipparcos Catalogue
  • Høg et al. (2000) A&A 355, L27
• Brightest stars / pages 126-127
  
  • Perryman et al. (1997) A&A 323, L49; The Hipparcos Catalogue
• Giant stars / pages 128-129
  
  • Nordgren et al. (1999) AJ 118, 3032
  • Ramírez & Allende Prieto (2011) ApJ 743, 14
  • Richichi & Roccatagliata (2005) A&A 433, 305
  • David Darling Encyclopedia of Science
  • Moravveji et al. (2012) ApJ 747,
  • spacemath.gsfc.nasa.gov
  • Schiller & Przybilla (2008) A&A 479 849
  • Najarro et al. (2009) ApJ 691 1816
  • Perrin et al. (2004) A&A 418, 675
  • Smith, Hinkle & Ryde (2009) AJ 137, 3558
  • Arroyo-Torres et al. (2013) A&A 554, 10
• Dwarf stars / pages 130-131
  
  • Doyle & Butler (2990) A&A 235, 335
  • Demory et al. (2009) A&A 505, 205
  • Kervella et al. (2008) A&A 488, 667
  • Linsky et al. (1995) ApJ 455, 670
  • Dieterich et al. (2014) AJ 147, 25
• Stellar classifications / pages 132-133
  
  • ESO Library of Stellar Spectra, A.J. Pickles, PASP 110, 863 (1998)
• Brightness and colour / pages 134-135
  
  • Nearby stars, Preliminary 3rd Version (Gliese+ 1991)
  • Tycho-2 Catalogue, Hog et al, A&A, 355, L27 (2000)
• Life cycle of stars / pages 136-137
  
  • LCOGT Star In A Box
  • Hurley et al. (2000) MNRAS 315, 543
• Supernovae / pages 138-139
  
  • Asiago supernova catalogue, Barbon, R., Buondì, V., Cappellaro, E., Turatto, M. 2010 VizieR Online Data Catalog, 1, 2024
  • Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Supernovae List (IAU, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)
• Pulsars / pages 142-143
  
  • ATNF Pulsar Catalogue, Manchester, R. N., Hobbs, G. B., Teoh, A. & Hobbs, M. (2005), The Astronomical Journal 129, 1993
• We are stardust / pages 142-143
  
  • Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler & Hoyle, Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 547 (1957)
  • Updated web version also based on Jennifer Johnson's blog
• Precession / pages 144-145
  
  • N. Capitaine et al. (2003) A&A, 412, 567
  • J. Lieske et al. (1977) A&A, 58, 1
  • VirtualSky, LCOGT lcogt.net/virtualsky
• The Milky Way / pages 148-149
  
  • VirtualSky, LCOGT lcogt.net/virtualsky
• The invisible galaxy / pages 150-151
  
  • Fermi (NASA)
  • IRAS (NASA)
  • Planck Collaboration (ESA)
  • ROSAT (MPE/DLR)
  • Chromoscope.net
• Polarisation of the Galaxy / pages 152-153
  
  • ESA and the Planck Collaboration (2015)
  • Planckoscope
  • Planck Collaboration (2015) A&A in press
• Structure of the Milky Way / pages 154-155
  
  • NASA/JPL-Caltech
  • Robert Hurt, Spitzer Science Center
  • NASA Fermi
• The local sheet of galaxies / pages 156-157
  
  • McCall (2014) MNRAS 440, 405
• The 30,000 nearest galaxies / pages 158-159
  
  • Uses the 30,000 lowest redshift galaxies from the 2MASS Redshift Survey. Huchra, et al., The 2MASS Redshift Survey, ApJS
• The galactic zoo / pages 160-161
  
  • Hubble, E. P. (1926) ApJ 64, 321
  • Willett et al. (2013) MNRAS 435, 2835; data.galaxyzoo.org
• Models of the Universe / pages 166-167
  
  • Harrison (2000) 'Cosmology: The Science of the Universe 2nd Ed' CUP ISBN 9780521661485
  • Plate XXI, Wright (1750), 'An Original Theory of the Universe'
• The cosmological distance ladder / pages 168-169
  
  • ESA Gaia
  • Bothun (1998) 'Modern Cosmological Observations and Problems' Taylor & Francis ISBN 978-0-7484-0645-6; Website
• The cosmic web / pages 170-171
  
  • SDSS-III DR10 release (2014) http://www.sdss3.org/dr10/
• What is the Universe made of? / pages 172-173
  
  • Planck Collaboration
  • ESA
  • Structure inspired by the Millennium Simulation (Virgo Consortium)
• Evolution of the Universe / pages 174-175
  
  • Planck Collaboration
  • ESA
• Finding exoplanets / pages 180-181
  
  • Spacebook, LCOGT
• Exoplanet discoveries / pages 182-183
  
  • PHL's Exoplanet Catalog of the Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
• All known exoplanets / pages 184-185
  
  • PHL's Exoplanet Catalog of the Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
• Planetary systems / pages 186-187
  
  • PHL's Exoplanet Catalog of the Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
• Earth-like / pages 188-189
  
  • PHL's Exoplanet Catalog of the Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
• Are we alone? / pages 190-191
  
  • SETI
  • NRAO
  • Lineweaver & Davis (2002) Astrobiology 2, 293
  • Petigura, Howard & Marcy (2013) PNAS 110, 19273
• Postcards From Earth / pages 192-193
  
  • Carl Sagan, Linda Salzman Sagan & Frank Drake
  • NASA
• Earth calling / pages 194-195
  
  • Frank Drake
  • Carl Sagan
  • Arecibo Observatory, National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (Cornell University/NSF)
• Light spheres / pages 196-197
  
  • PHL's Exoplanet Catalog of the Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo
• Messaging extra-terrestrial intelligence / pages 198-199
  
  • gizmodo.com
  • New Scientist
  • National Geographic
  • Zaitsev arXiv:physics/0610031 2006physics..10031Z
• Relativistic effects / pages 202-203
  
  • UCLA Galactic Center Group, W.M. Keck Observatory Laser Team
  • NASA, ESA & John Richard (Caltech, USA)
  • F. Dyson, A. Eddington & C. Davidson (1920) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 220, 291
  • JPL Horizons, Giorgini, J.D. et al (1996) 'JPL's On-Line Solar System Data Service', Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 28, 1158
  • Robert A. Brauenig
• Pictures of the day / pages 204-205
  
  • APOD created by Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
  • strudel.org.uk/lookUP
  • SIMBAD database
  • NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
  • SkyBoT
  • CBAT Supernova List
  • RAS of Canada Constellation List
  • IAU Minor Planet Center
• Water worlds / pages 206-207
  
  • Planetary Society
  • Porco et al. (2006) Science 311, 1393
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • ISRO's Chandrayaan-1
  • NASA
  • Lawrence et al. (2013) Science 339, 292
  • Christensen (2006) GeoScienceWorld Elements 2,151
• Density / pages 208-209
  
  • American Geophysical Union
  • British Antarctic Survey
  • Container-Transportation.com
  • Titanic-Titanic.com
  • BioNumbers.com
  • Cornell University
• Building blocks / pages 210-211
  
  • CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
  • Kaye and Laby Online (NPL)
  • Composition of the Human Body (Wikipedia; various sources)
• How long is a day? / pages 212-213
  
  • Earth Orientation Center of the IERS
• Messier catalogue / pages 216-217
  
  • SIMBAD database
  • NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
• New General Catalogue / pages 218-219
  
  • Dreyer, J. L. E. (1888) Memoirs of the RAS 49, 1
  • SIMBAD database
  • NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database

Acknowledgments

• Dr Karen Masters (University of Portsmouth)
• Prof Abel Méndez (University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo)
• Astropy, a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration, 2013).
• HEALPix (K. Górski et al. (2005), ApJ, 622, 759) and Healpy
• Magnetic field texture based on image by Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschenes (IAS, Paris) and Diego Falceta-Goncalves (University of St Andrews)
• Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Supernovae List (IAU, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)
• Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Constellation List (Larry McNish)
• Minor Planet & Comet Ephemeris Service (IAU Minor Planet Center)
• WCSTools package (Jessica Mink, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)
• SkyBoT project (set up under the auspice of the French Ministry for National Education and CNRS)
• Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia (Jean Schneider, CNRS/LUTH - Paris Observatory)
• NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database operated by the JPL, Caltech, under contract with NASA
• Gas giant profiles courtesy of Dr Leigh Fletcher (University of Oxford)
• Matplotlib, a Python library for publication quality graphics (Hunter 2007)
• PyEphem
• Thanks to Franziska Batten, Ben Flatman, Robert Moritz, Christine, Elisabeth Baeten, jed, Arjen van den Berg, Sophie Ward, George Williams, planet4589, Georgina McGarry, Iair Arcavi, Arman Tadjrishi, Aleks, Matthew Standing, Brooke, Andy Howell, Alex Meredith, Leon, Kyriacou, Stelios, Edward Gomez, Andi Zachai, Bernardo, Benjamin Maglio, Annie, Jake, Drew, Margaret, emu, and Cams for helping to categorise the data.
• LCOGT
• The VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France.
• SIMBAD database operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France
• Prof Lucie Green (University College London)
• Dr Chris Scott (University of Reading)
• Dr Ryan Milligan (Queen's University Belfast/Catholic University of America/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

The creation of this book would not have been possible without a tremendous amount of work by designer Mark McCormick - thanks Mark! Thanks also to all the designers at Founded, to Melissa Smith at Aurum Press for all her support, and to Lesley Malkin for proofreading.